DescriptionLandauer's principle sets a fundamental thermodynamic floor of kT ln 2 (about 2.85 zeptojoules at room temperature, 300 K) on the energy that must be dissipated to irreversibly erase one bit of information, connecting information theory directly to the second law of thermodynamics. The bound was first experimentally confirmed in a 2012 Nature paper by Bérut et al., using a colloidal particle trapped in an optical potential well, decades after Landauer's original 1961 theoretical derivation.
Formal questionThe minimum energy, kT ln 2, that must be dissipated as heat when irreversibly erasing one bit of information in a physical system at temperature T, as derived by Rolf Landauer in 1961 and experimentally confirmed for the first time in 2012.
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