South Korea's KSTAR tokamak sustained plasma ion temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius (over six times hotter than the core of the Sun) for 48 seconds in 2021, and extended this in 2024 to 102 million degrees for 48 seconds within a high-confinement operating mode — among the highest sustained fusion plasma temperatures achieved by any magnetic confinement device.
The question, scope, and sources behind this Registry record.
South Korea's KSTAR tokamak sustained plasma ion temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius (over six times hotter than the core of the Sun) for 48 seconds in 2021, and extended this in 2024 to 102 million degrees for 48 seconds within a high-confinement operating mode — among the highest sustained fusion plasma temperatures achieved by any magnetic confinement device.
The highest ion temperature confirmed inside a magnetically confined nuclear fusion plasma experiment (a tokamak or stellarator), distinct from the temperature at the core of an inertial-confinement fusion implosion.
Change a parameter to stress-test whether a proposed result is still inside the published specification. This is an audit aid, not a proof checker.
This record has no editable parameters. Read the formal question and assumptions before challenging it.
Current frontiers derived from accepted Claims.
An observed or demonstrated result; no opposing bound is implied.
The frontier is not sacred
Most progress starts with a disagreement that survives contact with evidence. If you can push the known lower bound up or pull the upper bound down, show us the work.
≥ when you have shown that at least this value is achievable.≤ when you have shown that anything above this value is impossible.No vibes. State the value, define the scope, and link the paper, proof, code, or reproduction that lets another person check it. Editors review every challenge before the public record changes.
Challenge this recordAssertions tied to evidence, attribution, and review.
The frontier as it changed over time.
Only accepted Claims matching the current specification contribute to the displayed bounds. Strict inequalities remain open; contradictory Claims require editorial review.
1 accepted Claim, with 1 linked evidence records.
Permanent ID limitsregistry.com/limits/LR-HIGHEST-TOKAMAK-FUSION-PLASMA-ION-TEMPERATURE
No active verified bounties are linked to this Limit.
View verified bounty tracker ↗No accepted machine-checked reproductions are recorded for this Limit.
Limits Registry. LR-HIGHEST-TOKAMAK-FUSION-PLASMA-ION-TEMPERATURE. Highest ion temperature achieved in a magnetically confined fusion plasma. 2026.