DescriptionEric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado Boulder created the first Bose-Einstein condensate in 1995, cooling a dilute gas of about 2,000 rubidium-87 atoms to around 170 nanokelvin using laser cooling followed by evaporative cooling — confirming a state of matter predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924-1925, and earning Cornell, Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Formal questionThe first laboratory creation and confirmation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, a state of matter in which a dilute gas of bosonic atoms occupies the same lowest quantum state, predicted theoretically by Einstein and Bose roughly seventy years earlier.
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