Artur Ekert, then at the University of Oxford, published 'Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem' in Physical Review Letters on 5 August 1991. In E91 the parties share entangled photon pairs and use a violation of a Bell inequality to check for eavesdropping — an idea that later grew into device-independent QKD.
The question, scope, and sources behind this Registry record.
Artur Ekert, then at the University of Oxford, published 'Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem' in Physical Review Letters on 5 August 1991. In E91 the parties share entangled photon pairs and use a violation of a Bell inequality to check for eavesdropping — an idea that later grew into device-independent QKD.
The year Artur Ekert proposed quantum key distribution using entangled pairs and Bell-inequality tests to certify security.
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Permanent ID limitsregistry.com/limits/LR-E91-ENTANGLEMENT-BASED-QKD
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Limits Registry. LR-E91-ENTANGLEMENT-BASED-QKD. First entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocol (E91). 2026.