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Limits RegistryThe University of Alberta's Computer Poker Research Group, led by Michael Bowling, announced in Science in January 2015 that their program Cepheus had essentially weakly solved heads-up limit Texas hold'em, computing a strategy so close to a Nash equilibrium (exploitability under 1 milli-big-blind per game) that it is indistinguishable from optimal in practice — the first non-trivial imperfect-information game played competitively by humans to be solved.
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The University of Alberta's Computer Poker Research Group, led by Michael Bowling, announced in Science in January 2015 that their program Cepheus had essentially weakly solved heads-up limit Texas hold'em, computing a strategy so close to a Nash equilibrium (exploitability under 1 milli-big-blind per game) that it is indistinguishable from optimal in practice — the first non-trivial imperfect-information game played competitively by humans to be solved.
Heads-up limit Texas hold'em was essentially weakly solved: Cepheus's strategy cannot be beaten by a statistically meaningful margin over a human lifetime of play.
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Limits Registry. LR-CEPHEUS-HEADS-UP-LIMIT-HOLDEM-SOLVED. Heads-up limit Texas hold'em essentially solved (Cepheus). 2026.