Data Storage.

DNA can in principle store far more information per gram than any other known medium. This tracks two genuinely different figures that should never be conflated: the theoretical raw nucleotide encoding limit, and the density actually demonstrated by real error-corrected schemes like DNA Fountain — which are orders of magnitude apart.

Maximum regular-file size using extents on ext4 with 4 KiB filesystem blocks.

Maximum regular-file size using extents on ext4 with 64 KiB filesystem blocks.

Filesystem-size ceiling from 2^32 addressable blocks of 4 KiB each.

Arithmetic block-address ceiling from 2^64 blocks of 4 KiB; practical implementation limits may be lower.

Upper capacity of the SD High Capacity class.

Upper capacity of the SD Extended Capacity class.

Upper capacity of the SD Ultra Capacity class.

Largest native cartridge capacity published for the LTO Ultrium generation-10 format.

Published generation-10 native transfer-rate ceiling.

Number of data tracks specified across LTO-10 media.

Largest compile-time/runtime database page size supported by SQLite.

Largest SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT accepted by current documented SQLite limits.

Maximum database size from 2^32-2 pages at 65,536 bytes per page.

Largest object size accepted by FAT32's 32-bit file-size field.

Physical-format file-size ceiling; operating-system implementation ceilings are separately versioned.

Largest file length representable by exFAT's 64-bit data-length field.

Maximum UDF file size listed by the Microsoft filesystem functionality specification.

Largest allocation cluster permitted by exFAT revision 1.00 sector and cluster shift fields.

Upper Cluster Heap count encoded by the exFAT ClusterCount field.

Largest sector count representable by the exFAT VolumeLength field.

Recommended upper volume size using the largest cluster and recommended cluster-count ceiling.

Largest directory DataLength permitted by exFAT revision 1.00.

Maximum minimum-sized file directory-entry sets in a 256 MiB directory stream.

Demonstrated coded DNA storage density reported by the DNA Fountain experiment.

Largest capacity in the BDXL R3 multi-layer recordable format.